Kule ntwasahlobo, ubhubhane lwe-covid 19 luphinde lwadlanga ezifundazweni nasemadolobheni amaningi, isibhedlela sendawo yokuhlala, esake sathuthukiswa njengesipiliyoni emhlabeni, singenisa ukwakhiwa okuphezulu kakhulu ngemuva kokuvalwa kwendawo yokukhosela yaseWuhan Leishenshan kanye neHuoshenshan. izibhedlela.
IKhomishini Yezempilo Kazwelonke (NHS) ithe kuyadingeka ukuthi kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kunezibhedlela eziyisi-2 kuya kwezi-3 ezijwayelekile esifundazweni ngasinye.Noma ngabe isibhedlela se-modular shelter singakakhiwa, kufanele sibe nohlelo lokwakha ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi kudingeka ngokushesha-izibhedlela zesikhashana zingakhiwa futhi ziqedwe zingakapheli izinsuku ezimbili.
UJiao Yahui, umqondisi we-NHC's Medical Administration Bureau uthe esithangamini sabezindaba ebesibanjwe yi-State Council's Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism ngoMashi 22 ukuthi njengamanje kunezibhedlela ezingama-33 zokukhosela ezakhiwe noma zisakhiwa;Kwakhiwe izibhedlela eziyi-20 kanti ezingu-13 zisakhiwa, ezinemibhede engu-35,000 isiyonke.Lezi zibhedlela zesikhashana zigxile kakhulu eJilin, Shandong, Yunnan, Hebei, Fujian, Liaoning ...
Changchun Modular Shelter Hospital
Isibhedlela sesikhashana siyisibonelo esihle sezakhiwo zesikhashana, isikhathi sokwakhiwa kwesibhedlela sesikhashana ngokuvamile asidluli isonto elilodwa ukusuka ekuklanyweni kuya ekulethweni kokugcina.
Izibhedlela zesikhashana zidlala indima njengebhuloho phakathi kokuhlukaniswa nekhaya nokuya ezibhedlela eziqokiwe, futhi zigweme ukumosha izinsiza zezokwelapha.
Ngo-2020, kwakhiwa izibhedlela eziyi-16 ezijwayelekile kungakapheli amasonto ama-3 eWuhan, futhi belapha iziguli ezingaba ngu-12,000 ngenyanga, futhi bathola ukufa kweziguli kanye nokutheleleka kwezisebenzi zezokwelapha.Ukusetshenziswa kwezibhedlela zesikhashana kulethwe nase-United States, Germany, Italy, Spain nakwamanye amazwe.
Isibhedlela sesikhashana esishintshiwe sisuka eNew York Convention and Exhibition Center (Umthombo: Dezeen)
Isibhedlela sesikhashana esishintshiwe sisuka ku-Berlin Airport eJalimane(Umthombo:Dezeen)
Kusukela ematendeni enkathi yokuzulazula kuya ezindlini ezakhiwe ngaphambili ezingabonakala yonke indawo, kuya ezibhedlela zesikhashana ezidlala indima ebalulekile enkingeni yedolobha namuhla, izakhiwo zesikhashana zidlale indima ebalulekile emlandweni wesintu.
Umsebenzi omele inkathi yenguquko yezimboni "London Crystal Palace" yisakhiwo sokuqala sesikhashana esinokubaluleka kwe-trans-epoch.Inkundla yesikhashana enkulu embukisweni Womhlaba wonke yenziwe ngensimbi nengilazi.Kuthathe isikhathi esingaphansi kwezinyanga ezingu-9 ukuqeda.Ngemva kokuphela, yahlakazwa futhi yayiswa kwenye indawo, futhi ukuhlanganisa kabusha kwafezeka ngempumelelo.
I-Crystal Palace, UK (Umthombo: Baidu)
Inkundla yomdwebi wamapulani waseJapane uNoriaki Kurokawa's Takara Beautilion pavilion e-1970 World Expo e-Osaka, eJapane, yayinama-pods ayizikwele ayengasuswa noma asuswe ohlaka lwamathambo ensimbi, okuphawula igxathu elikhulu eliya phambili emsebenzini wokwakha wesikhashana.
I-Takara Beautilion pavilion (Umthombo: Archdaily)
Namuhla, izakhiwo zesikhashana ezingakhiwa ngokushesha zidlala indima ebalulekile kuyo yonke into kusukela ezindlini zokufakwa kwesikhashana kuya esigabeni sesikhashana , kusukela endaweni yokusiza izimo eziphuthumayo, izindawo zokusebenza zomculo kuya Ezikhaleni zombukiso.
01 Uma kugadla inhlekelele, izakhiwo zesikhashana ziyizindawo zokukhosela zomzimba nomoya
Izinhlekelele zemvelo ezimbi kakhulu azibikezeli, futhi abantu bayasuswa ngenxa yazo.Lapho ubhekene nezinhlekelele zemvelo nezenziwe ngabantu, izakhiwo zesikhashana akulula njengokuthi "ukuhlakanipha osheshayo", lapho singabona khona ukuhlakanipha kokulungiselela usuku lwemvula kanye nomthwalo wemfanelo wezenhlalakahle kanye nokunakekelwa komuntu ngemuva kokuklama.
Ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe, umdwebi wamapulani waseJapane u-Shigeru Ban wagxila ekutadisheni izakhiwo zesikhashana, esebenzisa amashubhu ephepha ukuze akhe izindawo zokukhosela zesikhashana ezivumelana nemvelo futhi eziqinile.Kusukela ngeminyaka yawo-1990s, izakhiwo zakhe ezingamaphepha zingabonakala ngemva kwempi yombango yase-rwanda e-Afrika, ukuzamazama komhlaba kwe-kobe e-Japan, ukuzamazama komhlaba kwe-Wenchuan e-China, ukuzamazama komhlaba kwe-Haiti, i-tsunami enyakatho ye-Japan nezinye izinhlekelele.Ngaphandle kwezindlu zoguquko zangemva kwenhlekelele, waze wakha izikole namasonto ngephepha, ukuze akhe indawo yokuhlala ngokomoya yabahlukumezekile.Ngo-2014, u-Ban wawina umklomelo we-Pritzker for Architecture.
Indlu yesikhashana ngemva kwenhlekelele eSri Lanka (Umthombo: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
Isakhiwo sesikole sesikhashana saseChengdu Hualin Primary School (Umthombo: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
New Zealand Paper Church(Umthombo: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
Endabeni ye-COVID-19, u-Ban ubuye waletha umklamo omuhle kakhulu.Indawo yokuhlukaniswa ingakhiwa ngokuhlanganisa amashubhu ephepha nephepha angahlukanisa igciwane, kanye nezici ezingabizi kakhulu, ezigaywa kabusha kalula futhi kulula ukwakha.Umkhiqizo usetshenziswe njengesikhungo sokugoma isikhashana, ukuvalelwa yedwa kanye nendawo yokukhosela e-ishikawa, eNara nakwezinye izindawo eJapan.
(Umthombo: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
Ngaphezu kobuchwepheshe bakhe bamashubhu wephepha, u-Ban uvame ukusebenzisa iziqukathi esezilungile ukuze akhe izakhiwo.Wasebenzisa iziqukathi eziningana ukuze akhe indlu yesikhashana yemindeni engu-188 yezisulu zaseJapane, uvivinyo ekwakhiweni kweziqukathi ezinkulu.Iziqukathi zibekwe ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene ngama-cranes futhi zixhunywe ngama-twistlocks.
Ngokusekelwe kulezi zinyathelo zezimboni, izindlu zesikhashana zingakhiwa ngokushesha ngesikhathi esifushane futhi zibe nokusebenza okuhle kokuzamazama komhlaba.
(Umthombo: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
Kukhona nemizamo eminingi yabadwebi bezakhiwo baseShayina yokwakha izakhiwo zesikhashana ngemva kwezinhlekelele.
Ngemuva kokuzamazama komhlaba "5.12", umakhi uZhu Jingxiang ethempelini eliyincithakalo lesiza samabanga aphansi saseSichuan ukuze kwakhiwe isikole samabanga aphansi, isikole esisha sithatha indawo engamamitha-skwele angama-450, ithempeli lezakhamuzi, kanye namavolontiya angaphezu kuka-30 akhiwe, indawo eyinhloko yokwakha. isakhiwo somzimba USES light steel keel, composite sheet fill do envelope futhi ibe nomthelela wokuqinisa isakhiwo sonke, Ingakwazi ukumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba okungu-10.I-insulation kanye nezinto zokugcina ukushisa zisetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nokwakhiwa kwe-multi-storey nokubekwa kahle kweminyango namafasitela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isakhiwo sifudumele ebusika futhi sipholile ehlobo futhi sinokuningi kokukhanya kwemvelo.Ngokushesha ngemva kokusetshenziswa kwesikole, indawo yokuwela isitimela idinga ukususwa.Ukuhamba komklamo wokuqala kuqinisekisa ukuthi isikole singakhiwa kabusha ezindaweni ezahlukene ngaphandle kokumosha.
((Umthombo:Archdaily)
Umdwebi wamapulani u-Yingjun Xie waklama "iNdlu Yokubambisana", esebenzisa zonke izinsiza ezitholakalayo njengezinto zokwakha, njengamagatsha, amatshe, izitshalo, inhlabathi nezinye izinto zasendaweni, futhi uhlela izakhamuzi zendawo ukuba zibambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni nasekwakhiweni, ngethemba lokuzuza ngokuvumelana. ubunye besakhiwo, izinto zokwakha, indawo, ubuhle kanye nomqondo wezakhiwo eziqhubekayo.Lolu hlobo lwesakhiwo sesikhashana "segumbi lokusebenzisana" ludlale indima enkulu ekwakhiweni kwezimo eziphuthumayo ngemuva kokuzamazama komhlaba.
(Umthombo: Xie Yingying Architects)
02 Izakhiwo zesikhashana, amandla amasha ezakhiwo ezisimeme
Ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwenguquko yezimboni, izakhiwo zesimanje kanye nokufika okugcwele kwesikhathi solwazi, amaqoqo ezakhiwo ezinkulu nezimba eqolo zakhiwe ngesikhathi esifushane, okuholele ekutheni kube nenani elikhulu lemfucuza yokwakha engakwazi ukugaywa kabusha.Ukumoshwa okukhulu kwezinsiza kwenze abantu namuhla bangabaza “ukuhlala unomphela” kwezakhiwo.Umdwebi wamapulani waseJapane u-Toyo Ito wake waveza ukuthi ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo kufanele kube okuguquguqukayo futhi kube yinto esheshayo.
Ngalesi sikhathi, izinzuzo zezakhiwo zesikhashana zembulwa.Ngemva kokuba izakhiwo zesikhashana ziqede umsebenzi wazo, ngeke zidale ukulimala kwemvelo, okuhambisana nezidingo zokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwedolobha okusimeme.
Ngo-2000, u-Shigeru Ban kanye nomdwebi wamapulani waseJalimane uFrei Otto baklama ithubhu yephepha i-arched dome ye-Japan Pavilion eMbukisweni Womhlaba e-Hannover, eJalimane, eyadonsa ukunaka komhlaba wonke.Ngenxa yesimo sesikhashana se-Expo pavilion, inkundla yaseJapan izodilizwa ngemva kwesikhathi sombukiso esiyizinyanga ezinhlanu, futhi umklami uyicabangele indaba yokuvuselelwa kwezinto ekuqaleni komklamo.
Ngakho-ke, umzimba oyinhloko wesakhiwo wenziwe nge-tube yephepha, ifilimu yephepha nezinye izinto, okunciphisa umonakalo emvelweni futhi kusize ukugaywa kabusha.
I-Japan Pavilion e-World Expo e-Hannover, eJalimane (Umthombo: www.shigerubanarchitects.com)
Enqubweni yokuhlela iphrojekthi yendawo yesikhashana yehhovisi lebhizinisi elisha le-Xiongan New Area, indawo entsha yezinga likahulumeni, umdwebi wamapulani u-Cui Kai wasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besiqukathi ukuze ahlangabezane nezidingo zokwakha "okusheshayo" "nokwesikhashana".Ingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezikhala ezahlukene kanye nezidingo zendawo yokusetshenziswa zakamuva.Uma kunezinye izidingo esikhathini esizayo, kungabuye kulungiswe ukuze kuhambisane nezikhala ezahlukene.Lapho isakhiwo siqeda umsebenzi waso osebenzayo, singamane sihlakazwe futhi sigaywe kabusha, sihlanganiswe kwenye indawo futhi sisetshenziswe futhi.
I-Xiongan New Area Enterprise Temporary Office Project (umthombo: School of Architecture, Tianjin University)
Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-21, ngokukhishwa kwe- “Agenda 21 of the Olympic Movement: Sports for Sustainable Development”, Imidlalo yama-Olympics isisondelene kakhulu nomqondo wokuthuthukiswa okusimeme, ikakhulukazi ama-Winter Olympics, adinga ukuthi ithuthukiswe. ukwakhiwa kwezindawo zokushushuluza eqhweni ezintabeni..Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusimama Kwemidlalo, ama-Olimpiki Wasebusika wangaphambilini asebenzise inani elikhulu lamabhilidi esikhashana ukuxazulula inkinga yesikhala yemisebenzi yokusiza.
Ngo-2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics, Cypress Mountain wakha inqwaba amatende esikhashana eduze kwesakhiwo sokuqala insimu yeqhwa;kuma-Olimpiki Wasebusika we-Sochi ka-2014, kufikela ku-90% wezindawo zesikhashana ezisetshenziswe ezindaweni ze-veneer ne-freestyle;Kuma-Olympics Wasebusika we-PyeongChang ka-2018, cishe u-80% wesikwele samamitha-skwele esingaphezu kuka-20,000 esikhala sangaphakathi e-Phoenix Ski Park ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza komcimbi kwakuyizakhiwo zesikhashana.
Kuma-Olympics Wasebusika e-Beijing ngo-2022, i-Yunding Ski Park e-Chongli, e-Zhangjiakou isingathe imiqhudelwano engama-20 emikhakheni emibili: i-freestyle skiing kanye ne-snowboarding.U-90% wezidingo zokusebenza zama-Olympics Wasebusika uncike ezakhiweni zesikhashana, ezinendawo yesikhashana engaba ngu-22,000 Square, ecishe ifinyelele izinga lebhulokhi yedolobha elincane.Lezi zakhiwo zesikhashana zinciphisa indawo ehlala unomphela esizeni futhi ziphinde zibekele indawo yokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo kwendawo yokushushuluza ukuze iguquke futhi ishintshe.
03 Uma i-architecture ingenazo izithiyo, kuzoba khona amathuba amaningi
Izakhiwo zesikhashana zinokuphila okufushane futhi zibeka imingcele embalwa endaweni nezinto zokwakha, okuzonikeza abaklami bezakhiwo indawo eyengeziwe yokudlala futhi bachaze kabusha ubungqabavu nokudala kwezakhiwo.
I-Serpentine Gallery eseLondon, eNgilandi, ngokungangabazeki ingesinye sezakhiwo zesikhashana ezimele kakhulu emhlabeni.kusukela ngo-2000, i-Serpentine Gallery ithumele umakhi noma iqembu labakhi bezakhiwo ukwakha inkundla yesikhashana yasehlobo njalo ngonyaka.Ungawathola kanjani amathuba amaningi ezakhiweni zesikhashana isihloko se-Serpentine Gallery sabadwebi bezakhiwo.
Umklami wokuqala owamenywa yi-Serpentine Gallery ngo-2000 kwakunguZaha Hadid.Umqondo wedizayini ka-Zaha wawuwukushiya isimo sokuqala setende futhi uchaze kabusha incazelo nomsebenzi wetende.Igalari yomhleli ye-Serpentine Gallery ibilokhu iphishekela futhi ihlose "ushintsho nokuqamba okusha" iminyaka eminingi.
(Umthombo: Archdaily)
Indawo yesikhashana ye-Serpentine Gallery yango-2015 yaqedwa ngokuhlanganyela abaklami base-Spain u-José Selgas no-Lucía Cano.Imisebenzi yabo isebenzisa imibala egqamile futhi ifana nengane kakhulu, iphula isitayela esifiphele seminyaka edlule futhi iletha izimanga eziningi kubantu.Ethola ugqozi oluvela kumzila ohamba ngaphansi ogcwele abantu eLondon, umakhi wezakhiwo waklama inkundla njenge-wormhole enkulu, lapho abantu bengezwa khona injabulo yobuntwana njengoba behamba ngesakhiwo sefilimu yepulasitiki ekhanyayo.
(Umthombo: Archdaily)
Emisebenzini eminingi, izakhiwo zesikhashana nazo zinokubaluleka okukhethekile.Ngesikhathi somkhosi othi "Burning Man" e-United States ngo-August 2018, umakhi u-Arthur Mamou-Mani waklama ithempeli elibizwa ngokuthi "Galaxia", eliqukethe amapulangwe angama-20 esakhiweni esizungezayo, njengomkhathi omkhulu.Ngemuva komcimbi, lezi zakhiwo zesikhashana zizobhidlizwa, njengemidwebo yesihlabathi ye-mandala eBuddhism yaseTibet, ekhumbuza abantu: bazise isikhathi.
(Umthombo: Archdaily)
Ngo-Okthoba 2020, maphakathi namadolobha amathathu e-Beijing, e-Wuhan nase-Xiamen, kwakhiwa izindlu ezintathu zamapulangwe cishe ngokuphazima kweso.Lokhu ukusakazwa bukhoma kwe-"Reader" ye-CCTV.Ngesikhathi sokusakazwa bukhoma kwezinsuku ezintathu kanye nezinsuku ezivuliwe ezilandela amasonto amabili, ingqikithi yabantu abangama-672 abavela emadolobheni amathathu bangene endaweni yokufunda ngokuzwakalayo ukuze basho.Amakamelo amathathu abona isikhathi lapho bephakamisa incwadi futhi befunda izinhliziyo zabo, futhi babona ubuhlungu babo, injabulo, isibindi kanye nethemba.
Nakuba kuthathe isikhathi esingaphansi kwezinyanga ezimbili kusukela ekuklanyweni, ekwakhiweni, ekusetshenzisweni nasekubhidlizeni, ukubaluleka kobuntu okulethwa isakhiwo sesikhashana esinjalo kufanelekile ukucatshangelwa ngokucophelela ngabadwebi bezakhiwo.
(Umthombo: "Umfundi" we-CCTV)
Ngemva kokubona lezi zakhiwo zesikhashana lapho ukufudumala, i-radicalism kanye ne-avant-garde kuhlangene, ingabe unokuqonda okusha kwezakhiwo?
Inani lesakhiwo alikho esikhathini saso sokugcinwa, kodwa ukuthi liyasiza noma liyabakhuthaza yini abantu.Kulo mbono, lokho okudluliselwa izakhiwo zesikhashana kuwumoya waphakade.
Mhlawumbe ingane eyayivikelwe yisakhiwo sesikhashana futhi yazulazula egalari ye-Serpentine ingaba ngumnqobi olandelayo wePritzker Prize.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: 21-04-22